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【】goldand thesilverofcathayandzipanguthedisposaloftheir stajesties. alas,luusneverkh.toheend ofhislife,onhisfourthvoyage,ainland ofsoutharica,heyhavesuspectedthatallwas notbelief thatthereibetweeneuropeandasia andthathehadfoundthedirectroutetoa. auguese,stigtotheireasteroute, hadbeeuheyear1498,vasdaga hadbeeoreaalabarausafely tolisbonhacargoofspitheyear1502hehad repeatedthevisit.butalongtheeroute,theworkof explorationhadbeenstdisappointing.in1497and1498 johnaiancabothadtriedtofindapassagetojapan buttheyhadseennothingbutthesnosandthe rocksofnebeensightedbythe northn,fiveerigovespui,aflorentine ethepilotjorofspain,andwhogavehis natoour,hadexploredtheastofbrazil,but hadfoundnotatraceoftheindies. intheyear1513,sevenyearsafterthedeathofluus, thetruthatlastbegantodahegeographersof europe.vasnunezdebalboahadusof pana,hadcliedthefauspeakindarien,andhad lookeddoedto suggesttheexistenceofanothero. finallyintheyear1519afleetoffivesllspanishships underndofthepuesenavigator,ferdinandde gellan,sailedeasthatroute, elyinthehandsofthepuesewhoallowedno petitioninsearagellancrossed theatlanticbethward. hereachedanarroostpoint ofpatagonia,the``landofthepeoplehthebigfeet,and thefireislandsonadonatofafire,theonlysignof theexistenatives,hesailorschedonenight. foralstfiveercy oftheterriblestorandblizzardsthroughthe straits.atinybrokeoutangthesailellan suppressediten onshoreheytorepentoftheirsinsatleisure. atlastthestorquieteddoheelbroadened,and gellaeredanesand plaalleditthepeacefulsea,therepacifi. theinuedinaedire.hesailedfor daysost perishedfroungerandthirstaheratsthatied theships,andheseheycheesof sailtostilltheirgnawinghunger. inrchoftheyear1521theysaagellancalled itthelandoftheladroneseansrobbersbecausethe othespiceislands againlandagellan calledthehephilippines,afterphilip,thesonofhis sterery. atfirstgellanwhenheused thegunsofhisshipstokechristiashewaskilled bytheabiogetherberofhiscaptainsand sailors.thesurvivorsbuedohethreereiningships andntiheirvoyage.theyfoundtheluas,the fausspiceislands;theysightedboeoandreachedtidor. there,ohetooleakytobeoffurtheruse, reinedbehindhhercretoria,undersebastian delissedseeingthe northeastofaustraliadisvereduntil thefirsthalfofthesevehturyhe dutcheastindiapanyexploredthisflatandinhospitable land,andaftergreathardshipsreachedspain. thisostnotableofallvoyages.ithadtaken threeyears.ithadbeenacplishedatagreatstbothof nandney.butithadestablishedthefactthattheearth buswere notapartoftheiaseparate.frohat tion,spainandpaldevotedalltheirenergiestothe developntoftheirindianandaritrade.toprevent anardnflictbetherivals,popealexahe onlyavoostholy officehadobliginglydividedtheots byalineofdercatiohdegreeof longitudeofgreenhesocalleddivisionoftordesillas of1494.thepueseoestablishtheirlonies totheeastofthislihespaniardsohavetheirs totheeri espanishand thatalloftheindiesandstofafriapuese untiltheenglishaists forpapaldecisionstookthesepossessionsaheseveh aeeuries. he rialtoofveheiddleages,there erriblepanic.stodbondsdown40and50 pert.afterashortbus hadfailedtofindtheroadtocathay,theveianrts reveredfrht.butthevoyagesofdagaand gellanprovedthepraalpossibilitiesofaeer routetotheihentherulersofgenoaandvenice, thetriddleagesandthe renaissance,begantobesorrythattheyhadrefusedtolisten toluus.butite aninlaheoverlandtradetotheindiesand adoinsignifitproportions.theolddays ofitaliangloryethenew erdthereforethetreofcivilisation. ithasreinedsoeversince. seehelycivilisationhasprogressedsihose earlydays,fiftyturiesbefore,heinhabitantsofthe valleyofthenilebegaenrerdofhistory, froheriveile,itia,thelaween therivers.thenreteandgreed ro.aninlandseabecathetreoftradeaies aloerraneaneofartandsd philosophyandleaing.ieeur ...